OTHER OPIATES AND NARCOTIC ANALGESICS-GLUE SNIFFING, SOLVENTS, ETC.

As well as heroin, there are other opiates, such as morphine, Diconal (dipipanone), Temgesic (buprenorphine) and methadone (of which more later). There are also narcotic analgesics, such as codeine and DF 118 (dihydrocodeine tartrate). These all have legitimate medical uses, but are also used by addicts if they cannot get more favoured drugs.

They may be swallowed, or crushed and injected. The dangers are similar to those of heroin. Diconal, when it is injected, is particularly dangerous.

All kinds of household substances (for obvious reasons we shall not be explicit) are sniffed. They give the user a feeling rather like drunkenness. They can be sedating or disinhibiting, or can produce distortions of reality.

Sniffing is not highly addictive, but some kids nevertheless become dependent on it. Others experiment for only a short time. Glue sniffing may be the prelude to trying other drugs.

Health risks

  • Suffocation. Using large plastic bags or sniffing in confined spaces can mean breathing is obstructed. Users can also choke on their own vomit. Some gases squirted directly into the mouth produce suffocation.
  • Heart attacks can be caused by inhaling some solvents.
  • Brain damage, fits, liver and kidney damage - these can all result from prolonged or intense sniffing.
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    For many smokers, the road to quitting includes some type of antismoking therapy. Among the more common therapy techniques are aversion therapy, operant conditioning, and self-control therapy.

    Aversion Therapy

    Aversion techniques attempt to reduce smoking by pairing the act of smoking with some sort of noxious stimulus so that smoking itself is perceived as unpleasant. For example, the technique of rapid smoking instructs patients to smoke rapidly and continuously until they exceed their tolerance for cigarette smoke, producing unpleasant sensations. Short-term rates of success are high, but many patients relapse over time.

    Operant Strategies

    Pairing the act of smoking with an external stimulus is a typical example of this method. For example, one technique requires smokers to carry a timer that sounds a buzzer at different intervals. When the buzzer sounds, the patient is required to smoke a cigarette. Once the smoker is conditioned to associate the buzzer with smoking, the buzzer is eliminated, and, one hopes, so is the smoking.

    Self-Control

    Self-control strategies view smoking as a learned habit associated with specific situations. Therapy is aimed at identifying these situations and teaching smokers the skills necessary to resist smoking.

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